Main Ref: | Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993 | |||||||||||
Data Ref.: | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 | |||||||||||
Country: | ||||||||||||
Spawning ground: | oceanic | |||||||||||
Locality: | Southern Hemisphere (between 5°S and 25°S) | |||||||||||
Season: |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | |||||||
Sex ratio: | % Ref.: | |||||||||||
Temperature: | - °C | |||||||||||
Gestation period: | month/s | |||||||||||
Length of offspring: | cm | |||||||||||
Batch spawners | ||||||||||||
Daily spawning frequency |
- Mean: |
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Min Ref.: Max Ref.: Mean Ref.: |
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Comments: | Spawning activity peaks during December and January (Ref. 30273, 30274). The fish form small spawning aggregations and spawn at least twice (Ref. 168) each summer (Ref. 6390). A mature female will produce between 2 and 3 million eggs each season, released in at least 2 batches (Ref. 6390). The larvae inhabit the upper 60 m where the water is warmer than 24°C (Ref. 30276). |