| Main Ref: | Allardi, J. and P. Keith, 1991 | |||||||||||
| Data Ref.: | ||||||||||||
| Country: | France | |||||||||||
| Spawning ground: | riverine | |||||||||||
| Locality: | Lower reaches of rivers | |||||||||||
| Season: |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| 111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | |||||||||
| Sex ratio: | % Ref.: | |||||||||||
| Temperature: | - °C | |||||||||||
| Gestation period: | month/s | |||||||||||
| Length of offspring: | cm | |||||||||||
| Batch spawners | ||||||||||||
| Daily spawning frequency |
- Mean: |
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Min Ref.: Max Ref.: Mean Ref.: |
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| Comments: | Adults swarm in the littoral zone of coastal waters and migrate to the rivers in May-June. Spawning actually takes place in June-July, usually at night. Incubation takes about 1 week, the fry migrate afterwards to the sea where they continue their growth to adult life, 3-4 years for the males, 4-7 years for the females. The downstream migration towards the estuarine zone occurs during summer. The parents return to sea after spawning (Ref. 30578). | |||||||||||