Ref. principal | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
Modo | dioecism |
Fertilização | external |
Mating type | |
Freqüência de desova | Two seasonal peaks per year |
Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
Desova em lotes | Yes. Ref. Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993 |
Guilda reprodutiva |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
Cuidado Parental | none |
Descrição do ciclo de vida e do comportamento reprodutor | Oviparous (Ref. 265). In the Gulf of California, some individuals spawn in their first year, but most in their second (Ref. 188). In Australia (as S. neopilchardus), this species breeds in spring and summer in southern part of range, and in summer and autumn in northern part, apparently related to seasonal movement of the limiting 14°C and 21°C isotherms, then autumn to early spring (Ref. 6390). It was believed that individual Australian pilchards only spawn once or twice in a season (Ref. 26422, 26424), but research on related species suggests that they may spawn a number of times (Ref. 6882). Batch fecundities range from about 10,000 eggs in 13 cm long females to about 45,000 eggs in females of about 18 cm (Ref. 26420). |
Procurar por mais referências sobre reprodução | Scirus |