| Main Ref. | Marino, G., A. Mandich, A. Massari, F. Andaloro and S. Porrello, 1995 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Spawning aggregation | Yes. Ref. SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations, 2018 |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Marino, G., A. Mandich, A. Massari, F. Andaloro and S. Porrello, 1995 |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Spawning happens during the summer, in areas near the coast. Embryo development lasts about 40 hours at 23° and larval development 31-36 days. Egg size 1.9 mm, larval at hatching 2.9 mm. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |
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