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| No. | Valid Name | Author | English Name |
| 1. | Phalloceros alessandrae | Lucinda, 2008 | Alessandra's toothcarp |
| 2. | Phalloceros anisophallos | Lucinda, 2008 | Roque toothcarp |
| 3. | Phalloceros aspilos | Lucinda, 2008 | |
| 4. | Phalloceros buckupi | Lucinda, 2008 | Jacareí toothcarp |
| 5. | Phalloceros caudimaculatus | (Hensel, 1868) | Dusky millions fish |
| 6. | Phalloceros elachistos | Lucinda, 2008 | Córrego toothcarp |
| 7. | Phalloceros enneaktinos | Lucinda, 2008 | Nine ray toothcarp |
| 8. | Phalloceros harpagos | Lucinda, 2008 | Ellipse spot toothcarp |
| 9. | Phalloceros heptaktinos | Lucinda, 2008 | Seven ray toothcarp |
| 10. | Phalloceros leptokeras | Lucinda, 2008 | Sapucaia toothcarp |
| 11. | Phalloceros leticiae | Lucinda, 2008 | Araguaia toothcarp |
| 12. | Phalloceros lucenorum | Lucinda, 2008 | Jaquiá toothcarp |
| 13. | Phalloceros malabarbai | Lucinda, 2008 | Itapoá toothcarp |
| 14. | Phalloceros megapolos | Lucinda, 2008 | Lindo toothcarp |
| 15. | Phalloceros mikrommatos | Lucinda, 2008 | Seguro toothcarp |
| 16. | Phalloceros ocellatus | Lucinda, 2008 | Prado toothcarp |
| 17. | Phalloceros pellos | Lucinda, 2008 | Antonina toothcarp |
| 18. | Phalloceros reisi | Lucinda, 2008 | Apiaí toothcarp |
| 19. | Phalloceros spiloura | Lucinda, 2008 | Three point toothcarp |
| 20. | Phalloceros titthos | Lucinda, 2008 | Breast toothcarp |
| 21. | Phalloceros tupinamba | Lucinda, 2008 | Tupi toothcarp |
| 22. | Phalloceros uai | Lucinda, 2008 | One spot toothcarp |