| Introduced in north and central Italy for game fishing (Ref. 27118). Introduced in Tuscany (in the 1990s) and in the Padano-Veneto area; but has probably not established (Ref. 13729). Naturalized in 1989. Established in the upper Adriatic river drainages. Expanding to Northeastern Italy (Ref. 45688), where it is invasive (Ref. 59043). Directly interferes with native cyprinids and tends to eliminate and interbreed with Rutilus pigus in subalpine lakes, and elsewhere (Ref. 94493).
Ref:
Amori, G., F.M. Angelici, S. Frugis, G. Gandolfi, R. Groppali, B. Lanza, G. Relini and G. Vicini, 1993
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