Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes, 1832)
Variegated cardinalfish
Variegated cardinalfish,  Multi-spotted cardinal-fish,  Peppered cardinalfish,  Spotted cardinalfish
Fowleria variegata
photo by Randall, J.E.

Family:  Apogonidae (Cardinalfishes), subfamily: Apogoninae
Max. size:  8 cm TL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 27 m
Distribution:  Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Oman, Persian Gulf, Kenya, Maldives; east to the Samoa Islands; north to Ryukyu Islands and south to New South Wales (Australia).
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 8-8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9-9; Anal spines: 2-2; Anal soft rays: 8-8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D VII + I,9; A II,8; pectoral fin rays 12-14; lateral-line scales 23 (23rd overlapping caudal-fin base), the first 10-13 with tubes; median predorsal scales 4; total gill-rakers 3-4 + 11-13; developed rakers 1+ 5-6; rear edge of preopercle ridge smooth, the lower edge membranous and crenulate; body depth 2.5-2.95, head length 2.3-2.4 in SL; snout length 4.2-4.5, eye diameter 3.1-3.8, interorbital width 5.8-7.05, and upper-jaw length 1.9-2.0, all in head length; jaws and vomer with villiform teeth in bands, none on palatines; caudal-peduncle depth 1.15-1.45 in peduncle length, and peduncle length 4.2-4.7 in SL; round shaped caudal fin (Ref. 50837).
Biology:  Found in coral reefs and seagrass beds of inner bays and shallow lagoons (Ref. 1602); also in dead reef and rubble (Ref. 48635). Nocturnal species (Ref. 7300). Solitary or in small groups (Ref 90102).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 05 February 2021 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless
Country info:  Known from Western Australia, Northern Territory and Queensland including the Great Barrier Reef (Houtman Abrolhos Ils, W. A. to Capricorn Group, Qld.) (Ref. 7300). Reported from the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Ref. 75154). Also Ref. 2334, 33390, 48635, 90102.


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