Hypsolebias longignatus (Costa, 2008)

Family:  Rivulidae (Rivulines), subfamily: Cynolebiinae
Max. size:  2.87 cm SL (male/unsexed); 3.04 cm SL (female)
Environment:  pelagic; freshwater
Distribution:  South America: Brazil.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 17-26; Anal soft rays: 21-26; Vertebrae: 27-29. Distinguished by the following set of characters: females with slightly longer anal fin, almost spatula-shaped; males with bright blue anal fin and distinct concave dorsal profile of head; males' anterior part of dorsal fin with black spots and its caudal fin with transverse series of small blue spots; females' dorsal-fin origin in a vertical through the base of the 5th anal-fin ray; long filamentous rays on dorsal fin in males absent and D 23-26 (17-18 in females); males' anal fin slightly pointed, without filaments, and A 23-26 (21-23 in females); neuromasts in the supraorbital 12-14, infraorbital 2+18-20, preopercular 13-15, and mandibular series 10-11) (Ref. 78710).
Biology:  The collection site is a broad seasonal swamp close to the Pacoti River, a small, isolated coastal basin of NE Brazil with shallow part of the swamp 0.4-0.8 m deep. It has dense aquatic vegetation and slightly turbid water. Gut contents include amoebas and small aquatic arthropods, with larvae of Odonata and Chironomidae, a small Ostracoda and Cladocera specimens (Ref. 78710).
IUCN Red List Status: Vulnerable (VU); Date assessed: 07 November 2018 (D2) Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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