Antennarius maculatus (Desjardins, 1840)
Warty frogfish
Antennarius maculatus
photo by Randall, J.E.

Family:  Antennariidae (Frogfishes)
Max. size:  15 cm TL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 15 m
Distribution:  Indo-West Pacific: Maldives (Ref. 30829) and Mauritius to Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Recently reported from New Caledonia (Ref. 11889).
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 3-3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-12; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 6-7. Characterized by numerous prominent wart-like protuberances on its skin and a large esca that mimics a tiny fish. Bony part of the illicium with numerous crossbands and approximately twice as long as the 2nd dorsal spine. Coloration is highly variable, ranging from cream to yellow, brown, or black with scattered dark circular spots and saddles or blotches ranging from white to pink, rust-red, or red. Heavily spotted individuals resemble A. pictus. Usually has red or orange margins on all fins and the first band across the body diverts to the posterior edge of the eye which distinguishes it from A. pictus (Ref. 48635). Description: Characterized by having unbranched pelvic rays except posterior most; esca with eye spot and resembling a small fish; curved second dorsal spine with small membrane posteriorly; curved third dorsal spine, posterior membrane not reaching dorsal fin; overall wart-like protuberances (Ref. 90102).
Biology:  Inhabit sheltered rocky reefs (Ref. 559). Adults are usually with sponges (Ref. 48635). Juveniles openly on reefs looking like nudibranchs (Ref. 48635). Feeds on fishes (Ref. 89972). Oviparous. Eggs are bound in ribbon-like sheath or mass of gelatinous mucus called 'egg raft' or 'veil' (Ref. 6773). Solitary, frequently among algae, sponges and soft corals (Ref 90102).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 06 September 2021 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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