Main Ref. | Knapp, L.W., 1999 |
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Remarks | Found inshore (Ref. 75154). Euryhaline species. Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fish. Ambush predator. Dwells in benthic sandy or muddy substrates (Ref. 127989). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Knapp, L.W., 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.60 | 0.58 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 4.27 | 0.82 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Nasir, N.A., 2000 |