Main Ref. | Steran, A.C. and D.W. Behrens, 1990 |
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Remarks | Found in rocky areas, tide pools and off beaches (Ref. 2850). Burrows in loose gravel and sand or among broken shells on the bottom (Ref. 2850), and in semi-protected wave-exposure (Ref. 56899). Abundant during summer months (June-August) and less abundant during winter (November-February) in San Luis Obispo County, California (Ref. 46003). May not utilize the intertidal zone for reproductive and recruitment purposes (Ref. 56899). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : sand;: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.28 | 0.53 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 |