Main Ref. | Johnson, J.H. and D.S. Dropkin, 1995 |
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Remarks | Inhabits sand and gravel runs and pools of creeks, and small to medium (sometimes large) rivers. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991 |
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Special habitats Ref. |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.83 | 0.15 | 3.08 | 0.32 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.24 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Johnson, J.H. and D.S. Dropkin, 1995 |