Main Ref. | Vadas, Robert L., 1990 |
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Remarks | Inhabits rocky pools near riffles in clear, cool creeks and small to medium rivers. Sometimes occurs in lakes in northern part of range (Ref. 86798). Feeds on filamentous algae, diatoms and desmids; insects constituted most of the animal matter in the diet (Ref. 50685). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Flemer, D.A. and W.S. Woolcott, 1966 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Jenkins, R.E. and N.M. Burkhead, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.75 | 0.16 | 2.44 | 0.16 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 2.87 | 0.34 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Keast, A., 1968 |