Ecology Summary - Pseudorhombus malayanus

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Main Ref.	Nielsen, J.G., 1984
Remarks	Inhabits shallow coastal waters. Dwells in muddy and sandy substrates where it buries itself underneath, leaving only its eyes exposed. Ambush predator. Feeds on worms, crabs, shrimp, and small fish. Larvae resemble regular fishes. Changes that occur as it transforms into its benthic adult stage include swimming with its left side facing upwards, color fading from its right side, and twisting of the skull (Ref. 9773). Found on the muddy and sandy trawling grounds of the continental shelf. Feeds on benthic organisms.

Main Ref.

Nielsen, J.G., 1984

Remarks

Inhabits shallow coastal waters. Dwells in muddy and sandy substrates where it buries itself underneath, leaving only its eyes exposed. Ambush predator. Feeds on worms, crabs, shrimp, and small fish. Larvae resemble regular fishes. Changes that occur as it transforms into its benthic adult stage include swimming with its left side facing upwards, color fading from its right side, and twisting of the skull (Ref. 9773). Found on the muddy and sandy trawling grounds of the continental shelf. Feeds on benthic organisms.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Pseudorhombus malayanus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud;
Substrate Ref.	Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Nielsen, J.G., 1984
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Nielsen, J.G., 1984

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.39	0.42			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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