| Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1999 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Commonly found along sandy beaches to the water's edge, and especially in sandy areas in and around coral reefs; in mangrove and seagrass habitats (Ref. 42268). Raises front end of disc to attract prey seeking shelter. Feeds on shrimps, small fishes, clams, and worms (Ref. 42268). Carnivore (Ref. 57616). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Fonte Biblio. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Michael, S.W., 1993 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Michael, S.W., 1993 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Commento | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.55 | 0.51 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Fonte Biblio. | |||||