| Thông tin chủ yếu | Brodeur, R.D. and P.A. Livingston, 1988 |
|---|---|
| Các chú thích | Adults are found in deeper waters whereas larvae and juveniles occupy shallow, nearshore habitats (Ref. 57910). Usually buried in muddy or sandy bottoms with mouth protruding (Ref. 2850). Larvae and juveniles use shallow, nearshore habitats, whereas most adults occupy deeper waters farther from shore (Ref. 57910). Water temperature in summer and winter were about 10°C and 4°C, and salinity ranged from 30 to 33 PSS. Both planktivorous and piscivorous (Ref. 57910). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Tài liệu tham khảo | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Dạng thức ăn | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Brodeur, R.D. and P.A. Livingston, 1988 |
| Nơi ăn mồi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Brodeur, R.D. and P.A. Livingston, 1988 |
| Estimation method | Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc) | Chủng quần không được khai thác | Chú thích | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng | 3.95 | 0.29 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. | ||
| Từ các loại thức ăn | 3.60 | 0.52 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Tài liệu tham khảo | Chuchukalo, V.I., A.Y. Efimkin and V.V. Lapko, 1995 | ||||