| Main Ref. | Pakhomov, Y.A. and V.B. Tseytlin, 1992 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Juveniles are found in the surface layer of continental shelf waters until they are about 6-7 cm SL when they adopt the adult benthic life (Ref. 6390, 28492). Average size of larvae upon hatching is 18.6 mm. They live near surface waters (Ref. 6390). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Pakhomov, Y.A. and V.B. Tseytlin, 1992 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Pakhomov, Y.A. and V.B. Tseytlin, 1992 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.35 | 0.10 | 3.25 | 0.36 | Troph of juv./adults from 10 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.29 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Pakhomov, E.A., 1997 | ||||