| Main Ref. | Stauffer, J.R. Jr., R. Bills, P.H. Skelton and O.L.F. Weyl, 2020 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | It occupies mostly complex habitats in water shallower than 10 m; in southern Lake Malawi it is generally associated with the rock/sand interface or, associated with submerged aquatic vegetation and among reed beds in shallow water and inlets (Ref. 128638). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Winemiller, K.O., 1991 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 4.14 | 0.67 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||