Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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Remarks | Lives individually or in pairs. Feeds mainly on sponges and algae. Dwells among coral reefs and rocky substrates (Refs. 127989, 9773), preferring silty reef waters in tranquil environments. Juveniles inhabit inshore waters in the intertidal zone and shallow rocky areas. Feeds on sponges, ascidians and seaweed. Juveniles also prey upon small crustaceans, amphipods and shrimp. Eggs and larvae are planktonic (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.78 | 0.23 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |