| Main Ref. | Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | A pelagic and demersal species found in shallow coastal waters. Forms small schools, generally near the bottom. Feeds on squid, small crabs, small fishes and polychaetes . |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.34 | 0.89 | 3.23 | 0.39 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.48 | 0.48 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002 | ||||