| 主要參考文獻 | Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg, 1960 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg, 1960 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 3.63 | 0.41 | 3.45 | 0.46 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| 從個別的食物項目 | 3.70 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | Hobson, E.S., 1974 | ||||