Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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Anmärkningar | Lives in caves or other projections (Ref. 9137); also in coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Nocturnal species (Ref. 75154). Exhibits the black gut phenomenon. In nocturnal predators, it appears to serve to conceal bioluminiscent prey in the stomach cavity (Ref. 46685). Can occur singly, in pairs, or in small groups. Feed mainly on benthic invertebrates. Some males were reported to cannibalize on their whole brood within the day of spawning (Ref. 128523). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Shao, K.-T., C.-P. Lin, L.-T. Ho and P.-L. Lin, 1990 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Från födosammansättning | |||||
Från individuella födoämnen | 3.57 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |