ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Found to inhabit caves and under projections in rocky reefs (Ref. 9137); also in coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Nocturnal species (Refs. 75154, 9773). Exhibit the black gut phenomenon. In nocturnal predators, they appear to serve to conceal bioluminiscent prey in the stomach cavity (Ref. 46685). Forages along reefs (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | |||||
ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.64 | 0.54 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ |