主要參考文獻 | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
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附註 | Usually solitary. Constantly swims over rocky reefs, boulder strewn slopes and along walls. Occurs more commonly in shallow water (Ref. 5227). Feeds on algae and invertebrates (Ref. 28023). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
參考文獻 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
攝取食物的習慣 | other |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | 3.93 | 0.17 | 3.28 | 0.35 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
從個別的食物項目 | 3.12 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 | Medina, M., M. Araya and C. Vega, 2004 |