| Main Ref. | Costa, F., 1991 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found in coasts (Refs. 89107, 98043), in the shelf, on mud bottoms (Ref. 3397) and upper slope (Ref. 106167). Usually found imbedded in the substrate. Nocturnal (Ref. 26335). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Casadevall, M., J. Matallanas and T. Bartolí, 1994 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Casadevall, M., J. Matallanas and T. Bartolí, 1994 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.31 | 0.52 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| From individual food items | 3.88 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Casadevall, M., J. Matallanas and T. Bartolí, 1994 | ||||