主要參考文獻 | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
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附註 | Inhabits mid-waters along steep outer lagoon and seaward reef drop-offs. Also found along rocky shores (Ref. 30573, 48637). Present in seagrass beds at juvenile stage (Ref. 41878). Usually in small groups but forms large schools in oceanic locations or on reefs subject to strong currents (Ref. 48637). Juveniles and adults feed on benthic and filamentous algae (Ref. 3921, 58882); adults also feed on zooplankton (Ref. 58882). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; lagoons; |
Special habitats Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
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Associations | |
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Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
攝取食物的習慣 | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 2004 |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | |||||
從個別的食物項目 | 2.22 | 0.15 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 |