Ecology Summary - Mullus surmuletus

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主要参考文献	Olaso, I. and E. Rodriguez-Marin, 1995
附注	Abundant near the coast, in the stratum between 10 and 100 m. Occurs on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m. Depth range from 5-60 m (Ref. 7313) and from 305-409 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feeds on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and benthic fishes; also on benthic carnivores that live on or within the bottom substrates (Ref. 44511).

主要参考文献

Olaso, I. and E. Rodriguez-Marin, 1995

附注

Abundant near the coast, in the stratum between 10 and 100 m. Occurs on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m. Depth range from 5-60 m (Ref. 7313) and from 305-409 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feeds on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and benthic fishes; also on benthic carnivores that live on or within the bottom substrates (Ref. 44511).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	河口/泻湖/半咸淡水海洋 mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds 洞专门地

Highighted items on the list are where Mullus surmuletus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Hard Bottom;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

参考文献
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

进食

摄取食物的类型	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Olaso, I. and E. Rodriguez-Marin, 1995
摄取食物的习惯	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	最初的样本		不捕获族群		附注
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	附注
从食物内容	3.45	0.29			Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies.
从个别的食物项目	3.46	0.48			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
参考文献	Golani, D., 1994

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