| Referencia principal | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Observaciones | Found over all types of bottom, but mainly around coral reefs and on vegetated sandy areas. In turbid as well as clear water (Ref. 9710). Often forms large aggregations, especially during the breeding season. Feeds at night on small fishes, bottom-living crabs, shrimps, worms, gastropods and cephalopods and other benthic invertebrates (Ref. 26338). Carnivore (Ref. 57616). Predominantly inhabits mangroves (Ref. 128694). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Harper, L.M., J.S. Lefcheck, R. Whippo, M.S. Jones, Z. Foltz and J.E. Duffy, 2022 |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Referencia | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo De Alimentación | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Hábito De Alimentación | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Estimation method | Muestra original | Población no pescada | Observación | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| De la composición de la dieta | 3.82 | 0.19 | 3.82 | 0.62 | Troph of juv./adults from 6 studies. |
| De tipos individuales de alimento | 3.66 | 0.80 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Referencia | Rodríguez Pino, Z., 1962 | ||||