主要参考文献 | Myers, R.F., 1991 |
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附注 | Occur in small groups over seagrass beds, sand and rubble areas of coral reefs, deep channels, and lagoons. Usually found in shallow water. Usually seen solitary but sometimes swim in small groups. Juveniles in seagrass beds (Ref. 48635). Feed mainly on crustaceans, fishes, and echinoderms. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
参考文献 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989 |
Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
从食物内容 | 3.78 | 3.55 | 0.48 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
从个别的食物项目 | 3.75 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参考文献 | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 |