Main Ref. | Clements, K.D. and J.H. Choat, 1997 |
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Remarks | Aggregate over hard, algal coated bottoms of exposed surf-swept outer reef flats, lagoons, and seaward reefs to a depth of at least 24 m. Found in exposed areas around rocky reefs (Ref. 559). Young (up to 5 cm) found among floating seaweeds; feeding on small crustaceans (Ref. 559). Adults are carnivorous during summer and autumn but feed on Endarachne binghamiae during winter (Ref. 559). Dwells in sheltered reefs covered with algae. Herbivorous. Forms foraging schools to graze on algae. Inadvertently consumes invertebrates associated with seaweeds it consumes (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 2.87 | 0.27 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Clements, K.D. and J.H. Choat, 1997 |