| Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs in large schools that may extend several meters above the edges of steep current-swept outer reef slopes. Common (Ref. 9710). Feeds on plankton (Ref. 3921). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.09 | 0.10 | 3.07 | 0.19 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.45 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
| Ref. | Sano, M., 1989 | ||||