Ecology Summary - Epinephelus tukula
ນິເວດວິທະຍາຂອງ Epinephelus tukula
 
ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ Dwells in coral and rocky reefs. Solitary, but forms pairs when spawning (Ref. 9773). Mainly found in deep reef channels and seamounts, in current prone areas (Ref. 48635). Juveniles may be found in tide pools (Ref. 5222). Also in the external areas around coral reefs (Ref. 9137). Feed on reef fishes, skates, crabs, and spiny lobsters (Refs. 5222, 9773). Considered to be exceedingly territorial and very aggressive towards intruders (Also Ref. 9773). Vulnerable to spear fishers (Ref. 5222). Large adults would be potential predators of small Latimeria (Ref. 58472). Hand fed by divers in certain areas, but potentially dangerous to the inexperienced.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • ເຂດຊາຍຝັ່ງທະເລ/ທະເລເທິງເກາະຫີນປະກາລັງ/ທະເລນ້ຳກ່ອຍ
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • ຖ້ຳ
  • ຢ່າງເລືອກເຟັ້ນ
Highighted items on the list are where Epinephelus tukula may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref. Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995
Special habitats Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref. Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004

Associations

ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995
Associations solitary;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

ໃຫ້ອາຫານ

ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ
ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ 4.10 0.66 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
(ຕ.ຢ. 346)
(ຕ.ຢ. oophagy)
ກັບຄືນໄປບ່ອນຄົ້ນຫາ
ຄຳເຫັນແລະການກວດແກ້
cfm script by eagbayani,  ,  php script by rolavides, 2/5/2008 ,  ຖືກແກ້ໄຂເທື່ອສຸດທ້າຍໂດຍ mbactong, 10/24/19