| Main Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Forages only during the day (Ref. 33994). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Ebeling, A.W. and D.R. Laur, 1986 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.21 | 0.40 | |||
| From individual food items | 3.31 | 0.38 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Ebeling, A.W. and D.R. Laur, 1986 | ||||