| 主要参考文献 | Maksimenko, V.V., 1985 |
|---|---|
| 附注 | Occurs in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 1371). Enters rivers and may go considerable distances upstream, but usually remaining within regions of tidal influence (Ref. 1371, 27547). Adults exhibit seasonal movements: inshore during winter for purposes of spawning and offshore during summer for feeding (Ref. 1371). Juveniles and adults are opportunistic epibenthic feeders; juveniles feed on fish and small benthic crustaceans (Ref. 1371). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 参考文献 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Maksimenko, V.V., 1985 |
| 摄取食物的习惯 | variable |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Maksimenko, V.V., 1985 |
| Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 从食物内容 | 4.10 | 0.58 | 4.03 | 0.66 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| 从个别的食物项目 | 3.78 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参考文献 | Craig, P.C. and L. Haldorson, 1981 | ||||