| Main Ref. | Yamada, U., S. Shirai, T. Irie, M. Tokimura, S. Deng, Y. Zheng, C. Li, Y.U. Kim and Y.S. Kim, 1995 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found in estuaries and down to 90 m depth (Ref. 11230). Benthivorous, non-selective predator (Ref. 117114). Sometimes enter sandy-bottomed streams and rivers, in pursuit of prey (Ref. 129476). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Chung, S.W., B.G. Kim, J.H. Kim, M.G. Kim and K.N. Han, 2014 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Chung, S.W., B.G. Kim, J.H. Kim, M.G. Kim and K.N. Han, 2014 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.64 | 0.59 | Troph of adults and juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| From individual food items | 3.64 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||