| 主要參考文獻 | Parin, N.V., 1996 | 
|---|---|
| 附註 | Occurs in surface waters of the open ocean. Capable of leaping out of the water and gliding for considerable distances above the surface. Feeds on zooplankton and small fish. | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
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 | 
 | 
 | 
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. | 
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism | 
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | 
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Parin, N.V., 1999 | 
| 攝取食物的習慣 | variable | 
| Feeding habit Ref. | Parin, N.V., 1999 | 
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | |||||
| 從個別的食物項目 | 3.96 | 0.65 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | |||||