Main Ref. | Steene, R.C., 1978 |
---|---|
Remarks | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Erects the dorsal spines and faces downwards in a defensive position when approached by divers and other fishes. Basic coloration does not change throughout its lifetime. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.52 | 0.30 | 3.09 | 0.33 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 2.98 | 0.37 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |