| Main Ref. | Martin, K.L.M. and C.R. Bridges, 1999 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Common inshore, in tide pools or shallow rocky areas, from the intertidal zone to 24 m depth. May remain out of water under rocks or seaweed (Ref. 31184). Feeds mainly on crustaceans and algae. Breathes air (Ref. 31184) and can remain out of water for 15-35 hours if kept moist (Ref. 51276). At somewhere between 5 and 8 cm TL, they shift their diets and feed absolutely on algae, preferring reds and greens (Ref. 43439). Predation by early juvenile fishes on water-column planktors was greatest following initial intertidal settlement and habitat establishment (Ref. 41810). Greater dependence on substrate-oriented and/or benthic prey was exhibited as the fish grew in size (Ref. 41810). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: rock; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Martin, K.L.M. and C.R. Bridges, 1999 |
| Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 2.33 | 0.17 | 2.05 | 0.38 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 2.99 | 0.37 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 | ||||