Ecology Summary - Anabas testudineus

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Main Ref.	Rainboth, W.J., 1996
Remarks	Found mostly in canals, lakes, ponds, swamps and estuaries (Ref. 41236). Occurs in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Recorde from rice fields (Ref. 50862). Often found in areas with dense vegetation (Ref. 12693). Can tolerate extremely unfavorable water conditions and is associated mainly with turbid, stagnant waters (Ref. 6028). Remains buried under the mud during dry season (Ref. 1479). Feeds on macrophytic vegetation, shrimps and fish fry (Ref. 6028). Reported to undertake lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and return to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). During the dry season, it stays in pools associated with submerged woods and shrubs (Ref. 37770). Possesses an accessory air-breathing organ (Ref. 2847). Able to survive for several days or weeks out of water if the air breathing organs can be kept moist (Ref. 1479); uses its highly mobile suboperculum and strong fins spines to pull itself over land to move between bodies of water (Ref. 76895).

Main Ref.

Rainboth, W.J., 1996

Remarks

Found mostly in canals, lakes, ponds, swamps and estuaries (Ref. 41236). Occurs in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Recorde from rice fields (Ref. 50862). Often found in areas with dense vegetation (Ref. 12693). Can tolerate extremely unfavorable water conditions and is associated mainly with turbid, stagnant waters (Ref. 6028). Remains buried under the mud during dry season (Ref. 1479). Feeds on macrophytic vegetation, shrimps and fish fry (Ref. 6028). Reported to undertake lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and return to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). During the dry season, it stays in pools associated with submerged woods and shrubs (Ref. 37770). Possesses an accessory air-breathing organ (Ref. 2847). Able to survive for several days or weeks out of water if the air breathing organs can be kept moist (Ref. 1479); uses its highly mobile suboperculum and strong fins spines to pull itself over land to move between bodies of water (Ref. 76895).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Anabas testudineus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom: mud;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.	Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta, 2004

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref.	Rainboth, W.J., 1996
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Taki, Y., 1978

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	2.98	0.37			Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
From individual food items	2.76	0.32			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Talde, C.M., A.C. Mamaril and M.L.D. Palomares, 2004

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Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Habitat

Associations

Feeding