| Main Ref. | Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Inhabits streams, canals, ditches, ponds and beels (Ref. 1479). Occurs in slow-moving to stagnant standing water bodies, particularly rice-fields (Ref. 4832, 58912). Water highly transparent (Ref. 58912). Feeds on worms and small crustaceans (Ref. 7020); also on insect larvae and can be used for mosquito control (Ref 6351). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.11 | 0.06 | 3.02 | 0.07 | Troph of juv./adults from 12 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.21 | 0.37 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Spence, R., M.K. Fatema, S. Ellis, Z.F. Ahmed and C. Smitz, 2007 | ||||