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Epinephelus aeneus (GeoffroySaint-Hilaire, 1817)

White grouper
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Epinephelus aeneus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus aeneus (White grouper)
Epinephelus aeneus
Picture by Dammous, S.


Italy country information

Common names: Cernia bianca, Cernia bronzina, Cirenga
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Reported from Latium coast and Ischia (Gulf of Naples) (Ref. 95871).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database: ICTIMED

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 20 - 200 m (Ref. 3589).   Subtropical; 39°N - 16°S, 17°W - 60°E (Ref. 54435)

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: along the west coast of Africa to southern Angola (Ref. 5222, 57293), including the southern Mediterranean (Ref. 5222). First record from Corsica, France in 2012 (Ref. 95840). Records from the Canary Islands and Cape Verde are unsubstantiated (Ref. 5222).

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: Lm 55.0, range 50 - 60 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5222); common length : 60.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 26999); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 25.0 kg (Ref. 5222)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 10 - 11; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 14 - 16; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 7 - 9. Diagnosis: depth of body less than head length, depth 3.0-3.6 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.9 times in SL; interorbital area convex; preopercle angular, 3.6- large spines at the angle, lowermost directed ventrally; posterior nostril slightly bigger than anterior nostril; maxilla reaches nearly to vertical at rear edge of eye; pelvic fin origin below base of pectoral fins; rounded caudal fin; body scales ctenoid (Ref. 89707).

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

Adults are found on rocky or mud-sand bottom; juveniles have been taken in coastal lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 5222, 57293). In the west African waters, diet comprise of fishes (58%), stomatopods (21%), crabs (10%), and cephalopods (10%). It is a protogynous hermaphrodite. The seasonal migration of the species off the coast of Senegal is influenced by the seasonal upwelling off Senegal and Mauritania. Utilized fresh and smoked (Ref. 9987). Highly esteemed in the market of West Africa (Ref. 5377).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Most females change sex at about 9 kg, but smaller males (of 3 to 5 kg) are occasionally found. Total potential fecundity was estimated to range from 789,436 ova in a 44 cm SL fish of 2.2 kg to 12,589,242 ova in a 87 cm SL fish of 12.6 kg. In Tunisia, sex change occurs at 10 to 13 years (6 to 15 kg, 80 to 110 cm TL).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Near Threatened (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 18 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; जलीयकृषि: प्रयोगात्मक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
FAO(मात्स्यिकी: production, species profile; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

अधिक जानकारी

Trophic ecology
खाद्य पदार्थ
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
परभक्षी
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
पुनरुत्पत्ति
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
लार्वा
लारवल गतिकी
Anatomy
Gill areas
दिमाग
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
मत्स्य आवाज़े
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
आनुवंशिकी
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
जलीयकृषि रूपरेखाऐ
खींच
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Stamps, coins, misc.
References
संदर्भ

साधन

Special reports

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 14.8 - 20.2, mean 17.1 (based on 122 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.01032 - 0.01338), b=3.04 (3.02 - 3.06), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.59 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref. 120179):  माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.15-0.25; tm=5-7; tmax=17; Fec>1 million).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.