| Citation | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986, A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America.. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. |
| Ref. | 7251 Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
| Page | 132 |
| Named Used as Valid | Epinephelus cruentatus |
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