| Main Ref. | Springer, V.G., 1988 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | elongated |
| Cross section | oval |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Dorsal fin XI-XII (typically XII), 14-16 (typically 15). Anal fin II,16-18 (typically 17). Pectoral fin 12 or 13 (rarely 12). Segmented caudal-fin rays 13. Vertebrae 10 or 11 (rarely 11) + 21-24 (rarely 21, usually 23) = 31-34. Dentary incisor teeth which includes anterior canine teeth very similar in appearance from incisors, 45-53; posterior dentary canines (specimens at least 25 mm SL) 3-8 on each side (rarely 3). Lateral line lacking pairs of pores, terminating posteriorly at point between verticals from dorsal-fin spines 9 and 11 (rarely surpassing vertical from 9). With cirrus on posterior rim of anterior nostril; absent on anterior rim. |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | extending over most of the back length |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | 11 - 12 |
| Soft-rays total | 14 - 16 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | 2 - 2 |
| Soft-rays total | 16 - 18 |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 12 - 13 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position jugular | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |