分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Soleidae (Soles)
Etymology: Solea: Latin, solea = sandal (shoe); refered to the flat shape of the fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Kaup.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 12 - 100 m (Ref. 5304). 亚热带的; 47°N - 16°S, 19°W - 14°E
Eastern Atlantic: Mainly Central Atlantic (from France to Angola). Western Mediterranean: Herculean migrant (entered the Mediterranean via Gibraltar) (Ref. 43448).
东大西洋: 北至南大西洋。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5304); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26999)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 72-95; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 60 - 75; 脊椎骨: 44 - 46. Last ray of dorsal and anal fins joined by a low membrane to the base of the caudal fin. Supratemporal branch of lateral line forming an arch. Anterior nostril on the blind side not enlarged, its diameter about half that of the eye; it is situated rather close to the front margin of head, the distance slightly greater than that separating the nostril from the mouth cleft, 1:1-1.4. Length of scales above nasal tube on ocular side much less than the length of the tube. Gill rakers like short knobs on first gill arch on ocular side. Pectoral fin on the ocular side with a black botch over the whole middle and distal part of the fin; blind side whitish (Ref. 32649).
背鳍与臀鳍的最后鳍条被一个低的薄膜到尾鳍基底连结了。 侧线形成一个弓的上颞骨分支。 在没有眼睛的一边上的前鼻孔不增大了, 它的直径大约一半眼的; 它相当被位于接近头部的在前面边缘，距离些微大于那分开来自劈开的嘴巴， 1:1-1.4 的鼻孔. 在鼻的管上面的鳞片的长度在有眼睛的一边上远小于管的长度。 鳃耙在有眼睛的一边上的第一个鳃弓上类似短的疖瘤。 在眼睛的侧边上的胸鳍具有一个在整个的中央与鳍的末梢部部份上的黑色拙笨的修补; 没有眼睛的一边微白色的.(参考文献 32649)
Flatfish with oval and asymmetric body (eyes on the right side). Interradial membrane on the pectoral fin on the eye
side is of black colour(A). This feature distinguishes it from common sole (Solea soled), which has a big black compact spot on the posterior side of this fin. In the Atlantic, from the Gulf of Biscay to the coasts of Senegal. Less frequent in the Western Meditarranean.
A predominantly littoral species. Benthonic marine species living in sandy or muddy bottoms, off coastal areas up to
100 m depth and in brackish lakes.Feeds basically on benthonic invertebrate, such as larvae from polychaets and
bivalve molluscs. Also on small crustaceans.Sexual maturity is reached when size is 30 cm. Spawning happens beween the months of March until June. Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 127989.
用椭圆形与不对称身体的比目鱼.(眼睛在右边上) 在眼上的在胸鳍上的间辐膜
侧边是有黑色颜色的。 (一) 这一个特征区别它从普遍唯一的 (Solea 唯一的), 那一个在这一个鳍的后面的侧边上有一个大的黑色紧密的斑点。 在大西洋, Biscay 到塞内加尔的海岸的从湾。 比较少量常见于西方 Meditarranean 中。
一个主要海滨的种。 生活于沙底或泥底的 Benthonic 海洋的种, 外海的沿岸区域向上到
100 公尺深与在半咸淡的湖中。基本上在 benthonic 上为食来自 polychaets 的無脊椎又例如仔魚與
雙殼貝軟體動物。 也吃小的甲殼類動物。當大小是 30 公分的時候，性成熟被達成。 產卵直到六月發生 beween 三月。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
东大西洋: 北至南大西洋。
Desoutter, M., 1990. Soleidae. p. 1037-1049. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5304)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 实验的
更多信息
俗名同种异名新陈代谢捕食者生态毒物学繁殖成熟度产卵场产卵群集孕卵数卵卵的发育
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.6 - 21.6, mean 18.6 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00538 - 0.01227), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 125 [47, 316] mg/100g; Iron = 0.902 [0.386, 1.792] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.4, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.124 [0.066, 0.233] g/100g; Selenium = 29.6 [10.7, 97.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.4, 40.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.654 [0.349, 1.413] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
