分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders)
鰈科 (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Clidoderma: Greek, kleidion = the neck of a tunna + Greek, derma = skin (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 15 - 1900 m (Ref. 50550), usually 400 - 600 m (Ref. 51190). 溫帶; 1°C - 4°C (Ref. 56457); 26°N - 62°N, 117°E - 122°W (Ref. 101341)
North Pacific: China (Ref. 559, 33837), Japan, and Kuril Islands to Canada and California, USA.
北太平洋: 到加拿大與美國加州的中國 (參考文獻 559,33837) ，日本與千島群島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 30.0, range 29 - 31 cm
Max length : 62.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 51190); common length : 42.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 51190); 最大體重: 4.4 kg (Ref. 51190); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 51190)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 75-89; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 61 - 72. Dorsal origin above or ahead of upper eye. Caudal broadly rounded.
背鰭起點上方或在眼睛上方之前。 尾部的寬廣地圓的。
Occurs on mud and sand bottoms (Ref. 9137, 11230).
生活於泥與沙底部。 (參考文獻 9137,11230)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
北太平洋: 到加拿大與美國加州的中國 (參考文獻 559,33837) ，日本與千島群島。
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.4 - 5.2, mean 2.1 °C (based on 114 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00631 - 0.01514), b=3.11 (2.98 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.2 [11.0, 52.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.27 [0.13, 0.56] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.8, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.432 [0.203, 0.953] g/100g; Selenium = 28.7 [13.9, 64.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.98 [1.36, 29.83] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.336 [0.222, 0.528] mg/100g (wet weight);
