分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 10 - 70 m (Ref. 5222). 熱帶; 33°N - 4°S, 115°W - 77°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru, including the Revillagigedo, Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, and Malpelo islands.
東太平洋: 加州灣到祕魯, 包括雷維拉吉哥多島，加拉巴哥島，克利珀頓島，可可島與 Malpelo 島。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.6 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5592)
背棘 (總數): 9; 背的軟條 (總數): 18-21; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 11. Distinguished by the following characteristics: reddish or reddish grey body color with 2-3 bright blue or violet spots on dorsal part of body and another 2 on midlateral part of caudal peduncle; pectoral-fin axil with bright blue spot; dorsal fin base darker, fin margin reddish green; depth of body contained 2.9-3.4 times in SL; head length 3.2-4.0 times in SL; convex interorbital area; subangular preopercle with shallow notch, vertical edge and rear half of lower edge finely serrate; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
Found typically in small aggregations well above the reef, but will retreat to the reef at the approach of danger. Feeds mainly on small planktonic animals picked individually from the water, made possible by their shortened snout which facilitates close-range binocular vision. Excellent source of bait (Ref. 9342).
發現典型地形成小群魚群在相當上面距離礁, 但是將在危險接近時撤退到礁。 主要吃個別地被挑選的小浮游性動物從水中, 藉著促進近距離雙眼的視野的他們的被變短的吻製造可能。 誘餌的優良來源.(參考文獻 9342)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東太平洋: 加州灣到祕魯, 包括雷維拉吉哥多島，加拉巴哥島，克利珀頓島，可可島與 Malpelo 島。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 December 2016
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.5 - 28.9, mean 25.9 °C (based on 76 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00531 - 0.02484), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.8 [26.8, 78.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.609 [0.338, 0.991] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.5, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.153 [0.102, 0.231] g/100g; Selenium = 31.5 [19.3, 56.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 160 [59, 493] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.74, 1.50] mg/100g (wet weight);
