分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Monotaxinae
Etymology: Gymnocranius: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, kranion = skull (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 50 - 100 m (Ref. 2295). 熱帶; 35°N - 25°S
Indo-West Pacific: east Africa and Seychelles to the Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia.
印度-西太平洋: 非洲東部與塞錫爾群島到索羅門群島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲北部。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2295); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2295)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 10; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 10.
眼的下缘被线从吻尖到尾叉中央分割。 眼直径通常大约等于吻部的长度。 眼间隔是等于眼直径的大约的凸状。 胸鳍叶腋的内面是无鳞片的。 整体的色彩是银色的, 有时些微褐色背面, 侧边上有大约八条横跨的褐色横带, 在背鳍之下与越过尾梗的第一个横越经过眼 , 其余的。 分散的斑块与斑点有时在侧边上是显着的。 鳍是清澈的到橘黄色的具有尾部的边缘与顶端时常深的红色。
Inhabits sandy or low-relief rocky bottoms (Ref. 11228). Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates. Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775). May be solitary or in small groups, on flat offshore trawling grounds, occasionally near shallow coral reefs (Ref. 90102).
栖息于沙的或低地势起伏岩石底部.(参考文献 11228) 吃底栖无脊椎动物。 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 (参考文献 9775)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 非洲東部與塞錫爾群島到索羅門群島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲北部。
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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俗名同种异名新陈代谢捕食者生态毒物学繁殖成熟度产卵场产卵群集孕卵数卵卵的发育
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 28.2, mean 26.7 °C (based on 312 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01778 (0.00761 - 0.04154), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).