分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 40 m (Ref. 90102). 热带; 30°N - 31°S, 30°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and Persian Gulf south to Natal, South Africa extending east to Indonesia and the Philippines. Record from Hawaiii is an error.
印度-西太平洋: 红海与波斯湾南至延伸的南非的纳塔尔东至印度尼西亚与菲律宾。 来自 Hawaiii 的记录是一个错误。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 12.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30874); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9947)
背棘 (总数): 8; 背的软条 (总数): 9; 臀棘 1; 臀鳍软条: 7. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 15-17 (usually 16). Gill rakers 7-9 + 27-30 (total 34-39). Body moderately elongate, the depth 3.3-3.7 in SL; head length (HL) 2.8-3.2 in SL; snout length 1.7-1.9 in HL; barbels long, their length 1.1-1.25 in HL; longest dorsal spine 1.45-1.75 in HL; penultimate ray of second dorsal fin of adults 1.25-1.6 in last dorsal ray, the last ray relatively longer with growth; pectoral fins 1.3-1.5 in HL; pelvic fins 1.2-1.45 in HL. Body gray to grayish red dorsally, whitish to pink ventrally, with a black stripe from eye along lateral line to anterior part of caudal peduncle; a roundish black spot larger than eye on side of peduncle about two-thirds above lateral line; a broad white zone extending anterior to peduncular spot to below posterior part of second dorsal fin; a vertical pale blue line or spot often present on scales below black stripe; a dusky band often present on snout from eye to side of upper lip; barbels white; first dorsal and caudal fins reddish gray; basal one-third to one-half of second dorsal fin black, the dark pigment continuing to end of last ray and adjacent membrane; outer part of fin with narrow pale blue and yellow stripes; anal fin dusky yellow with faint narrow pale blue stripes (Ref. 54393).
Pale area at end of black stripe and dusky basal stripe in second dorsal fin distinguished it from the similar P. barberinus (Ref. 48636).
鉴别: 胸鳍鳍条 15-17.(通常 16) 鳃耙 7-9+27-30.(总数 34-39) 身体中等细长的, 深度 3.3-3.7 分之一标准体长; 头长 (HL)2.8-3.2 分之一标准体长; 吻的长度 1.7-1.9个 HL比率; 触须长的, 他们的长度 1.1-1.25个 HL比率; 长的背棘 1.45-1.75个 HL比率; 在最后的背鳍鳍条中的成鱼 1.25-1.6 的第二背鳍鳍的倒数第二鳍条, 最后的鳍条相对较长的随着成长; 胸鳍 1.3-1.5 HL比率; 腹鳍 1.2-1.45HL比率。 對淺灰色的紅色身體灰色背面, 微白色的到粉紅色的腹地, 具有一個來自眼的黑色的斑紋沿著尾柄的側線到前部; 圓的黑色斑點在梗的側邊上的大於眼大約三分之二在側線上面; 一個寬的白色區域向前延伸到肉梗的斑點到在第二背鰭鰭的較後面的部分之下; 一條垂直的藍灰色線或斑點時常在黑色的斑紋之下位於鱗片之上; 一條暗色的條紋時常位於從眼到上嘴唇的側邊的吻之上; 觸鬚白色; 第一背鰭與尾鰭淡紅的灰色; 基部的三分之一對第二背鰭鰭黑色的一半, 深色素繼續最後鰭條與毗連的薄膜結束; 鰭的外部部份有狹窄的藍灰色與黃色的斑紋; 臀鰭暗黃色有模糊的狹窄藍灰色斑紋.(參考文獻 54393)
灰白的區域在第二背鰭鰭的黑色斑紋與暗色的基部斑紋的末端把它與相似的 P. barberinus 區別開來。 (參考文獻 48636)
Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs to over 25 m (Ref. 9710). Found on sandy or weedy bottoms (Ref. 30573); rarely at depths of more than 40 meters (Ref. 54393). Usually seen solitary but often several individuals nearby (Ref. 48636). Feeds mainly on crustaceans and worms (Ref. 54393).
栖息于舄湖与临海礁石到超过 25 公尺。 (参考文献 9710) 栖息于沙或杂草丛生的底部了;(参考文献 30573) 很少地深度超过 40 公尺.(参考文献 54393) 通常单独的被看到但是时常在附近的一些个体.(参考文献 48636) 主要吃甲壳动物与蠕虫。 (参考文献 54393)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋: 红海与波斯湾南至延伸的南非的纳塔尔东至印度尼西亚与菲律宾。 来自 Hawaiii 的记录是一个错误。
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 870 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00570 - 0.01458), b=3.15 (3.02 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.6 [15.9, 70.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.298 [0.151, 0.666] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [14.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.116 [0.066, 0.212] g/100g; Selenium = 50.4 [24.6, 111.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 191 [37, 789] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.315, 0.997] mg/100g (wet weight);
