Epinephelus awoara, Yellow grouper : fisheries, aquaculture

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Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)

Yellow grouper
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Epinephelus awoara   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus awoara (Yellow grouper)
Epinephelus awoara
Picture by Caron Wong@114°E Hong Kong Reef Fish Survey

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 10 - 50 m (Ref. 5222). 熱帶; 39°N - 12°N, 110°E - 143°E (Ref. 5222)

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: Korea, Japan, Taiwan, China, Viet Nam, and islands in the South China Sea.
西北太平洋: 韓國,日本,台灣,中國,越南與南中國海的島群。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm ?, range 16 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5222); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9137)

简单描述 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 15-16; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body pale greyish brown dorsally, usually golden yellow ventrally; 4 broad dark bars on the dorsal part of the body, one on caudal peduncle and another often visible on nape; numerous small yellow spots on head and body; body and median fins with small greyish white spots; soft dorsal and caudal fins and sometimes the anal fin, with prominent yellow margin; dusky yellow paired fins; yellow mustache in the maxillary groove; body depth 2.7-3.3 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; convex interorbital area; strongly convex dorsal head profile; subangular preopercle, 2-5 strong spines at the angle; upper edge of operculum straight, uppermost spine rudimentary; maxilla reaches about to vertical at rear edge of eye; 2 rows of small, subequal teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; caudal fin convex; lateral body scales distinctly ctenoid, with auxiliary scales in fish larger than 30 cm SL; pyloric caeca 12, in 3 bundles (Ref. 089707).

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Occurs in rocky areas as well as on sandy-mud bottoms. Juveniles are common in tide pools. In captivity, the species is aggressive, chasing and biting other species, especially members of its own species. Protogynous hermaphrodite (Ref. 5222). Artificial fertilization of eggs was done and the longest survival time for the larvae was 15 days (Ref. 6780). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).

出现于岩石区以及沙泥底。 稚鱼常见于潮池。 在繁殖场,此鱼种是侵略性,追而且咬其他的种, 尤其同种的其他鱼。 雌性先熟的雌雄同体.(参考文献 5222) 卵的人工受精被做,而且给仔鱼的最长的生存时间是 15 天。 (参考文献 6780) 在香港活鱼贩卖。 (参考文献 27253)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

西北太平洋: 韓國,日本,台灣,中國,越南與南中國海的島群。

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  数据缺失 (DD) ; Date assessed: 20 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的





人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 16.2 - 25.6, mean 22.5 °C (based on 74 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00656 - 0.01920), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.55 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Fecundity = 24,329).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 25.4 [12.5, 56.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.474 [0.258, 0.967] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.9, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.113 [0.070, 0.180] g/100g; Selenium = 34.9 [21.0, 62.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 167 [47, 594] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.34 [0.94, 1.87] mg/100g (wet weight);