分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Xenocyprididae (East Asian minnows)
Etymology: Megalobrama: Greek, megalos = great + old French breme, bresme, a fresh water fish; 1460 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性. 亚热带的
Asia: Amur River southward to the Yangtze River drainage and rivers further southward draining to the South China Sea, excluding Zhu Jiang and Xi Jiang.
亚洲与前苏联: 阿穆尔河流域, Khanka 湖与在东中国海的海岸水域身体。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 30 - ? cm
Max length : 37.7 cm 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 51498)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数): 3; 背的软条 (总数): 7-8; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 28 - 33; 脊椎骨: 37 - 41. Distinguished by the following characters: vertebrae (without 4 vertebrae of the Weberian apparatus) not exceeding 37; for fishes with over 15 cm body length, there are 7-9 longitudinal rows of scales between the lateral line and insertion of the ventral fin; body depth 1.7-2.5 in l; length of dorsal spine exceeds that of head, depth of caudal peduncle is as a rule less than its length, width of oral slit is less than two times in head width; corneous sheaths usually thin, on upper jaw appear as a thin crescent (distinct in small specimens), rarer triangular; supraorbitale in small specimens relatively narrow, like a thin crescent, in large specimens it is triangular or trapezoid; the swim bladder is three chambered, the third chamber is usually very reduced; the anterior body outline in adults usually has a clearly seen depression at the level of the end of the head followed by an abruptly ascending "hump", depth of the head at the level of this depression frequently makes up 40% of the greatest body depth. In adults (1>15 cm) on scales in the anterior body sides (including scales of the lateral line and several rows above and below the lateral line) in the posterior (outer) part there is an opaque sector with black dots either all over this sector or only along its posterior margin; the dorsal side very dark, almost black, the sides and belly slightly lighter (Ref. 51498).
区别的特征为下列的特征了: 脊椎骨 (没有韦伯氏器的 4个脊椎骨) 不超过 37; 因为超过 15 的鱼具有公分体长, 有 7- 在侧线与腹鳍的嵌入之间的 9个纵列的鳞片; 在 l 中的体高 1.7-2.5; 背棘的长度头部超过那, 尾柄的深度是通常少于它的长度, 口部裂缝的宽度是少于两倍的头长比率宽度; 似角的鞘通常细的, 在上颌上呈现细的新月 (明显特征是小的标本), 比较稀罕的三角形的; 在小的标本中的 supraorbitale 相当狭窄的, 像一个细的新月, 在大的个体中，它是三角形或梯形的; 泳鰾三腔室的, 第三個腔室非常通常是縮小的; 前面的身體的邊緣成魚通常清楚地有一個在頭部的末端的水平見到凹窪跟隨著一個突然上 " 隆起 ", 頭部的深度在這一個凹窪的水平時常組成40% 的最大體高。 當成魚時 (1>15 公分) 在後面的 (外部的) 中的前面身體側邊 (包括側線與幾排上面與下面側線的鱗片) 中的鱗片上部份地有有黑色的點的一個不透明的地區或到處這一個地區或者只沿著它的後緣; 背部側邊非常深色的﹐幾乎黑色的, 側邊與腹面些微顏色淡.(參考文獻 51498)
Usually does not occur in main channel of the river but in the system of auxiliary waters with aquatic vegetation and conditions suitable for feeding and reproduction (Ref. 51498). Feeds principally on mollusks, but also takes filamentous algae, higher plants, crustaceans, insect larvae and small fish (Ref. 51498).
通常不会出现在河的主要峡道但是在附加水域的系统以水生植物与环境适合做进食与繁殖.(参考文献 51498) 主要捕食软件动物, 也捕食菌丝藻，较高等的植物，甲壳动物，昆虫幼生与小鱼.(参考文献 51498)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
亚洲与前苏联: 阿穆尔河流域, Khanka 湖与在东中国海的海岸水域身体。
Vasil'eva, E.D. and A.P. Makeeva, 2003. Taxonomic status of the Black Amur bream and some remarks on problems of taxonomy of the genera Megalobrama and Sinibrama (Cyprinidae, Cultrinae). J. Ichthyol. 43(8):582-597. (Ref. 51498)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00812 - 0.02953), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=3-6; Fec=177,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
